A clinical case report by Vasilios Alevizakos, Ahmed Mohamed Othman, Constantin von See, Austria<\/h3>\n
In totally and partially edentulous patients, implant placement and alveolar bone augmentation is a treatment that is considered to be very feasible and predictable in prosthetic rehabilitation1<\/b><\/sup>. Good clinical prognosis is due to the use not only of new materials but also of new technology, which aids the surgeon in providing the most accurate and precise treatment. The implant template is considered to be of clinical\u00a0value,\u00a0and can improve the accuracy of implantation and subsequently that of the overall implant solution2, 3<\/b><\/sup>. Different bone grafts are available depending on the amount of bone deficiency and the bone augmentation volume needed4-8<\/b><\/sup>. Bone grafts vary in\u00a0nature,\u00a0and can be autogenous, allogenic, xenogeneic, or alloplastic7<\/b><\/sup>. Allogenic bone grafts spare the patient from donor site morbidity and are known for their osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties.<\/p>\n If vertical, horizontal or combined alveolar bone ridge augmentation is indicated, different methods with varying rates of success and degrees of difficulty have been established9-14<\/b><\/sup>. The bone ring augmentation method is relatively easy to\u00a0perform,\u00a0and significantly shortens treatment time since it is possible to place the implant at the same time8-12<\/b><\/sup>. In addition, studies show\u00a0goodprognosis with this type of alveolar ridge augmentation8-15<\/b><\/sup>. The usual donor sites for bone grafts are the chin region, the retromolar region, the hard palate or the maxillary tuberosity of the same patient16<\/b><\/sup>.<\/p>\n A patient with a missing tooth in the anterior area (#11) came to the clinic complaining of the negative esthetic impact of this gap\u00a0(Fig. 1)<\/b>. Accordingly, he requested a fixed esthetic restoration. Preoperative CBCT images revealed vertical bone loss and a buccal wall defect\u00a0(Fig. 2)<\/b>.<\/p>\n<\/div> As the case was esthetically challenging, a surgical template was used to ensure correct implant position and angulation. Firstly, a virtual model of the botiss maxgraft\u00ae bonering was preoperatively designed using implant planning software and placed in the desired position in order to simulate the postoperative position of the implant\u00a0(Figs. 3-4)<\/b>. Yet the preoperatively planned position of the bone ring still has to be accurately transferred into the clinical situation, so a template was manufactured to enable guided trephine drilling. Just as the implant can be positioned preoperatively, so it can be placed in a predictable fashion during surgery through the bone ring into the alveolar bone using the template.<\/p>\n Adequate preparation of the soft tissue before bone ridge augmentation is an important step before implantation. Therefore, a 3D collagen matrix (mucoderm\u00ae, botiss biomaterials GmbH, Zossen, Germany) was placed to ensure there was sufficient soft tissue to cover the subsequent ridge augmentation and then design the emergence profile around the implant\u00a0(Fig. 5)<\/b>.<\/p>\n After soft tissue augmentation with mucoderm\u00ae, a healing period of 4 weeks was given in order to gain sufficient soft tissue\u00a0(Fig. 6)<\/b>.<\/p>\n As part of the planning process, the specific size of the bone ring had to be decided on. The maxgraft\u00ae bonering 4.1 (botiss biomaterials GmbH) was chosen, because an implant with a diameter of 4.1 mm (Straumann\u00ae Bone Level Implant Roxolid\u00ae SLActive\u00ae) had been selected to esthetically restore the missing tooth. Accordingly, the implant template was then designed and manufactured for accurate surgery (Figs. 3-4, 10<\/b>).<\/p>\n<\/div> Under local anesthesia (Septanest 1: 100 000, Septodont, Niederkassel, Germany) a mid-crestal incision on the alveolar ridge of tooth 11 was performed, along with an intrasulcular incision along tooth 21 and a vertical incision distal to tooth 13\u00a0(Fig. 7)<\/b>. Additionally, a mucoperiosteal flap was raised buccally and palatally using a piezo-driven raspatory instrument (PR1, Piezosurgery\u00ae, Mectron, Genoa, Italy)\u00a0(Figs. 8-9)<\/b>. Next, initial implant drilling was performed using the template, which provided a glide path for the trephine drill that was to follow (maxgraft\u00ae bonering surgical kit, botiss biomaterials GmbH)\u00a0(Figs. 10-11)<\/b>. A guided osteotomy for bone ring placement was prepared using the trephine drill through the surgical template and the planator to create a uniform recipient site\u00a0(Fig. 12)<\/b>. The bone chips harvested were removed from the trephine and stored in a blood container\u00a0(Figs. 13-14)<\/b>. The bone graft was adapted to the osteotomy thus prepared and all sharp edges were removed from the bone graft. Before definitively placing the bone ring, it was stored in a blood container\u00a0(Fig. 14)<\/b>, after which the blood soaked bone ring was positioned into the alveolar ridge and the steps of implant drilling were performed through the inner slot of the maxgraft\u00ae bonering\u00a0(Figs. 15-16)<\/b>.<\/p>\n The implant used in this case report was a \u00d8 4.1 mm Regular CrossFit\u00ae SLActive\u00ae 12 mm Roxolid\u00ae Bone Level Implant (Straumann\u00ae, Basel, Switzerland), which was inserted 7 mm into the residual bone to achieve primary stability\u00a0(Figs. 17-18)<\/b>. Additional bone ring and implant stability was obtained using a closure and fixation cap (\u00d8 5.5 mm Regular CrossFit\u00ae, Straumann\u00ae, Basel, Switzerland) screwed into the implant\u00a0(Fig. 19)<\/b>. Then, the soft tissue augmented before surgery was used to adequately cover the augmented alveolar bone ridge. The soft tissue was split in the apical direction and folded over the fixation cap to check that the length was sufficient to close the flap without tension\u00a0(Figs. 20-21)<\/b>. Then, the harvested bone chips were mixed with xenogeneic bone substitute material to fill irregularities.<\/p>\n The xenogeneic material serves as a protection against resorption. A membrane was used to prevent proliferation of soft tissue cells into the bone graft\u00a0(Fig. 22)<\/b>.<\/p>\n Finally, orthopantomographic control was performed\u00a0(Fig. 23)<\/b>.<\/p>\n Augmentin 1 g (875 mg amoxicillin, 125 mg clavulanic acid) and Ibuprofen 600 mg were prescribed. The antibiotic was taken twice daily for 7 days, and the analgesic once on the day of surgery and thereafter only in case of pain, but not more than twice daily.<\/p>\n<\/div>Initial situation<\/h3>\n
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<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div>Treatment planning<\/h3>\n
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